Core Subject 2 3
- Identify properties, types, and applications of grounding systems.
Essential Reading
- Getting Down to Earth A practical guide to earth resistance testing 2 3 4
- Special Considerations for Lightning Grounding - NETAWORLD Winter 2013 3
- Resistance Grounding System Basics 4
Grounding Principles
- The Differences Between Grounding and Bonding (12 Part Series)
- Good grounding practices
- Some Basics of System Grounding
- Principles of Electrical Grounding
- A Look at Concrete Encased Electrodes
- Step and Touch Potentials
- System Grounding for Mission-Critical Power Systems
- Five of the most frequently asked questions on grounding and ground-fault current
- Substation Grounding Tutorial
- Apply visual and mechanical inspections to grounding systems.
Important Standards
- IEEE 142 Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems 4
- IEEE Standard 142: Foundation for Grounding
- NFPA 70 2017: Article 250 Grounding 2 3 4
Grounding System Inspections
- Employ methods and procedures for electrical tests of grounding systems.
Important Standards
- IEEE 81 Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System 2 3
- IEEE 80 Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding 3 4
- NFPA 70B: Chapter 11.13 Grounding Systems 2 3 4
Fall-of-Potential (3-point)
Soil Resisivity (4-point)
Clamp-On Testing
- Clamp-On Ground Testing - MEGGER Handbook
- Clamp-On vs. Fall-of-Potential Testing Comparison
Ground Testing - General
- Understanding Ground Resistance Testing
- 4 Important Methods of Ground Resistance Testing
- Ground Resistance Testing: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
- Ground Testing Techniques
- The most common methods of measuring the resistance of an earth electrode
- Testing Challenges in Large Ground Systems
- Ground Testing on Asphalt
- Evaluate test results of grounding systems.
Important Standards
- NETA-ATS 2017: Section 7.13 Grounding Systems 2 3 4
- NETA-MTS 2019: Section 7.13 Grounding Systems 2 3 4
- Employ methods of enhancing effectiveness of grounding systems.
Important Standards
�Getting Started