Core Subject 2 3 4
- Identify properties, types, and applications of insulating liquids and gasses.
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- ASTM D3487 Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus 4
- Insulating Liquid Basics
- What is the best transformer coolant?
- Transformer Oil: Testing, Types & Properties
- Analyzing transformer insulating fluid
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- Apply sampling procedures.
Important EPA Standards
- 40 CFR Part 761 Protection of Environment
- 40 CFR 761.125 Requirements for PCB spill cleanup
- 40 CFR 761.3 Definitions
- Identification, Management, and Proper Disposal of PCB-Containing Electrical Equipment
- PCB Questions & Answers
Sampling Procedures
- ASTM D923 Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids 4
- NFPA 70B: Chapter 11.19 Insulating-Liquid Analysis 2 3 4
- Specific Gravity of Transformer Oil, Where to Draw Your Sample
- Transformer Oil Sampling
- Employ methods and procedures in compliance with ASTM.
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- ASTM D877 Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
- How to Determine Dielectric Breakdown Voltage
- ASTM Insulating Oil Test Methods
- Which Insulating Oil Analytical Tests to Request and When
- Laboratory Testing of Natural Ester Dielectric Liquids
- Gassing Characteristics of Transformer Oil Under Thermal Stress
- Keep Your Transformer Working Like a Well-Oiled Machine
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- Evaluate test results of insulating liquids and gasses.
Important Standards
- IEEE C57.104 Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers 3 4
- IEEE C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Mineral Oil in Electrical Equipment 4
- IEEE C57.147 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Insulating Liquid in Transformers 4
- IEEE C57.111 Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in Transformers
- IEEE C57.121 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in Transformers
- NETA-ATS 2017: Table 100.4 Insulating Fluid Limits 2 3 4
- NETA-MTS 2019: Table 100.4 Insulating Fluid Limits 2 3 4
DGA
Insulating Fluid Analysis
- Guide to insulating oil dielectric breakdown testing MEGGER Handbook
- A Guide to Transformer Oil Analysis
- Dissipation Factor, Power Factor, and Relative Permittivity of Insulating Oil
- Condition Assessment of Oil Circuit Breakers and Load Tap-Changers by the Use of Laboratory Testing and Diagnostics
- Understanding Water in Transformer Systems
- What to do if transformer has an excessive moisture content